The Empire of Ulyssa

From Solstice Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
UlyssaWiki.jpg

Overview[edit | edit source]

The Empire of Ulyssa is widely credited to be the oldest civilization in Aevonhold, formed from a conquest of several ancient cultures using superior military tactics, training, and discipline. Since, however, due to a stubborn refusal to change their ways, many countries have surpassed them in terms of technology. Historically, it was the largest and most influential nation in Auros, but in recent times its size and power has diminished greatly due to land being taken by the ever expanding Empire of Nobugo.

Ulyssa.png

Government[edit | edit source]

Institutions[edit | edit source]

Premise of Forums[edit | edit source]

Theoretically, all decisions of the realm are made by the Emperor and whomever the Emperor may appoint to make decisions- Praetors, army generals, heads of various government offices. Forums are assemblies through which invited citizens may petition laws and voice concerns or opinions. The primary duty of a forum is to advise those who lead.

There are six government-sponsored forums- the Imperial Forum and the Greater Forums. Generally forums are open to the public to listen (if not speak), but exceptions such as "closed-door" forum meetings and the Greater of Sies Forum do not allow public entry.

Imperial Forum[edit | edit source]

The "Imperial Forum", one forum which oscillates in number but averages two hundred speaking members, is held before the Emperor and on-hand appointed officials in the capital of Rhold. The composition of the Imperial Forum changes on a daily basis. The Elector selects who is able to speak and manages the debates and conversation. Those most often selected include exceptional orators, those with specific knowledge mastery pertinent to the topic at hand, or even jesters. Common citizens are also invited to speak by the Imperius Elector- either to voice their concerns or provide witness testimony. If the Imperius Elector does not fill the minimum number of seats, the seats are "per pede"- the citizen who arrives to the doors first may claim it.

There are no 'permanent' or 'elected' members to the Imperial Forum, but there are individuals who the Elector invites to speak often and consistently. These individuals are known as Daramine Senators, and they have demonstrated wisdom and a mastery of oration. Praetors also appoint senators who stay on Imperial Forum permanently- an exception to Imperial Forum impermanence- who are known as Praerorian Senators. Those who are invited for humor's sake are 'jesters', and their appearance in the Imperial Forum is both a new and more frequent development.

There is often conflict between the Daramine Senators and the Praetorian Senators. The conflict does not arise from political stances of beliefs, but rather it is ingrained through method of appointment and class. Daramine Senators tend to be middle class and derived from skill and knowledge garnered through study and education. Their numbers fluctuate depending on the whims of the Imperial Elector and the Emperor, but the number tends to be close to 40. Daramine Senators often assist the Elector in selecting speaking members for the Imperial Forum not among the Senators.

Often, Praetorian Senators are appointed as rewards or gifts to families who support the Praetor. A unique mix of individuals are thus appointed, but most often they are less skilled but come from families of wealth and influence. There is by no means equal representation of Praetorian Senators in the Imperial Council. The Emperor's allowance of Praetorian Senators is, historically, a privilege with the intention to encourage regional involvement in the central government. Gallanon tends to have the greatest number, followed by Taurum and Barantium. Bermandy follows, and Sies has the fewest- an issue often voiced. Praetorian Senators also tend to fluctuate around forty.

The reigning emperor has allowed the Imperial Forum to write legislation, carry out government policy, and wage war in a majority of their meetings to which the emperor elects not to join. The Elector sits in place of the emperor in these circumstances. The size of the Imperial Forum normally hovers at 450, but historically this peak has been as high as 576.

Greater Forums[edit | edit source]

"Greater Forums" are the assemblies in each of the provinces of Ulyssa. The standard assembly has 50 members in each assembly. Each has its own variation.

Greater Forum of Gallanon

The Greater Forum of Gallanon (the Gallonese Greater Forum) is home to some of the country's greatest speeches and command of language. Gallanon, as the province which hosts the capital, features civil discourse regulated strictly by law. The Gallanon Greater Forum convenes everyday, and its Praetor is prudent in selecting qualified individuals to speak in the forum. Indeed, this task of selection is so critical that the Praetor has a staff of 12 dedicated to selecting who will speak and who will not.

Assemblies of guests who watch the forum behave civilly and cordially, watching as contemplative silence. A minimum level of dress and a purchased ticket are both required for entry, though the latter is discounted for students and orators of the academy.

Greater Forum of Taurum

The Greater Forum of Taurum (the Taurum Greater Forum) relies as much on strength of word as strength of body. There is little political correctness or loquacious speech in its assemblies. There are no dancing around ideas. Speech is direct and bold; no messages are implied or hinted. Nonetheless, the forum commands order. The forum abides by strict, almost militaristic, procedures, and the assembled have patience and discipline.

Taurum respects duels and fights in its greater forum on contentious issues. Battles to the death are permitted and show the passion and determination of each side in determining courses of action. Those who surrender in a battle to the death may be permitted to leave, at the election of the opponent, but the party who surrenders may not return to the Taurum Greater Forum.

Greater Forum of Barantium

The Greater Forum of Barantium (the Barantine Greater Forum) is the largest of the forums in sheer size and space. The largest recording gathering, held in Bright Dawn of 1176, consisted of 674 members who spoke. On average, however, the Greater Forum of Barantium tends to contain between 350 and 400 who may speak. Several thousands more stand to watch. Citizens from ever corner of Barantium, towns big and small, usually try to come at least once in their lifetime. And they are encouraged to do so, with designated speakers from villages bringing citizens in tow.

Due to the size of this forum, the Greater Forum of Barantium is often the rowdiest. The crowd often interjects, cheers, or yells. Particularly angry members may wave corn husks during their protest or form a mob. Refusal to calm results in ejection from the forum. Also a result of the size, the forum may be broken into several parts on the first day to deal with specific issues Barantium faces. The second and third days consist of discussing the conflict and practical policies developed by the committee.

The forum convenes once every season. Due to the large number of crowds attracted, the city of Demaim, which hosts the forum, holds a seasonal river festival coinciding with the forum.

Greater Forum of Bermandy

The Greater Forum of Bermandy (the Berman Greater Council) actually features permanent speaking members to the forum who are voted by the towns in the province. Unusually, though perhaps predictable given Elterlein's influence upon the province, there exists a confusing mix of titles among the 50 members which determine speaking priority, topics on which one may speak, and even the colors one may wear.

The location of the forum shifts between two "twin" cities, Hersse and Saardremel. The last time the forum was held outside of these two cities was in 3E 1129, when the town of Vardulghem was privileged with holding the forum. The forum is held is whichever city or town of Bermandy is recognized to have achieved the greatest progress or discoveries in its workshops. Despite the fierce competition, there is surprisingly little foul play, and those caught attempting to influence the decision through subversive methods are publicly humiliated and scorned by the public.

Greater Forum of Sies

The Greater Forum of Sies (the Siecian Greater Council) is not so much a forum of debate so much as a gathering. Consisting of only 24 members, who tend to be influential merchants, orators, and masters of special subjects. All attending members wear deceiving clothing- masks and colorful, full-body clothing included- and mufflers in the attempt to conceal identity. Ideally, one who attends the Sies Greater Forum is never identified, as many controversial statements arise and shade, in even greater quantities than the controversy, is thrown.

The attempts to conceal identity are not merely precautions. It is said in the earliest meetings of this forum, when disguises were permitted, one-third of the assembled perished within a year.

The Greater Forum convenes for eight days at the beginning each year and may convene during emergency situations. Many regions, disdainfully, note that these meetings have begun to coincide with tensions between Gallanon and Sies. These forums are intense. No one who comes to the Greater Forum may leave the building in which it takes place for the eight days.

The Siecian Greater Council is held in Efriescia out of tradition. Discussions arise each year on shifting the meeting grounds to Alhambara or Maleri. Many cite that the role Efriescia plays in contemporary Sies makes it outdated in hosting the forum. Indeead, both Alhamabara, the capital of Sies, and Maelri have higher populations and a more global presence in trade. However, due to intense rivalry between the families and factions of these competing cities, each side would refuse to have the forum held in the opposing city. Thus, the inability to relent keeps the forum in Efriescia.

Figures[edit | edit source]

Emperor[edit | edit source]

Ulyssa is ruled by a single, central, emperor. The emperor, in theory, governs all of the provinces and makes large scale decisions for the entire nation. However, in modern times, the governers of each region have grown more and more independent, leading many to see the emperor, now, as a figurehead. This is coupled with the fact that several provinces have been conquered or broke away, due to the weakening, declining nature of the empire.

The name of the current Emperor is Laerentius Proconinus II, whose has reigned for over 42 years. He is the eldest son of the his namesake, Laurentius Proconinus, and- controversially- a Siecian highborn woman whose father, at the time, was Praetor of Sies. His rule has been known to contribute further to regional autonomy; it is considered weak.

Praetors[edit | edit source]

The Praetors are second only to the emperor himself. Praetors own and govern different provinces, and are descended from the ancient rulers of these provinces. In modern times, the provinces and the Praetors that own them have become more self-sufficient. The empire itself is crumbling, with each province more and more relying only on themselves.

Political Views[edit | edit source]

Political views often hinge on the duality of centralization versus autonomy. Advocates of centralization, restricting the freedoms and the privileges of the provinces to bolster the power of the emperor, cite the change would lead to greater unity and a more effective military. Advocates of further autonomy state centralization would only increase provincial conflict rather than unity as well as appease the citizens within each province.

Current Issues[edit | edit source]

Ulyssa degrades with each century, and its citizens and leadership are mindful that they live in an age darker than their golden days of old.Numerous problems arise and remain unresolved, plaguing the nation with further troubles and tensions. Some of the major issues, as well as views, are listed here:

Regional Tensions

Since the introduction of limited autonomy to the provinces three centuries ago, the tensions have only dispersed from the crown of the Emperor to the provinces. Differences between the provinces, such as in languages and behaviors, have grown more profuse. A weak empirical line (and consequential increase of power among the Praetors), threats of secession, and the disproportional allocation of Praetorian Senators in the Imperial Forum have only exacerbated these issues.

Deteriorating Infrastructure

Previous emperors ordered the construction of terrific and widespread infrastructure for Ulyssa. Among these projects were roads that traverse between cities for trade and empirical messengers, plumbing for city waste, aqueducts for transport of water, and bathhouses for cleanliness.

An era later, many of these structures have crumbled or become defunct since few exist to repair or maintain them. A few derelict structures exist as ruins as the natural flora reclaim the area.

Failure of the Military

The military in recent centuries has lost more battles than it has won, even against “weaker” opponents such as Peramul. Neighboring nations and empires continue to succeed in their conquests, claiming more and more territory from Ulyssa.

In recognition of these failures, the military has shifted to a more internal role of maintaining law and order- a move which has resulted in restlessness among the military and social movements. Popular reasons to explain the failure of the military against other nations, as perceived by Ulyssians, are listed here:

  • The Eight have strengthened their enemies to challenge Ulyssa. In a similar religious argument, Ulyssians have lost the favor of the Eight’s Council for their lack of universal adherence to the days of worship and Precepts.
  • The reliance upon slaves, conquered enemies, has in turn produced a military to be conquered. Some advocate more Ulyssian involvement in the infantry ranks of the military to offset this. Others cite the reliance on slaves weakens the commanders who lead them.
  • A less popular viewpoint but one often expressed is the failure to develop new strategies and integrate new weapons and tools into the ranks.
  • The army lacks the size it once had due to the personal armies of the more autonomous provinces and the failure to acquire new slaves through conquest.

Institution of Slavery

As conquests continue to fail, the acquisition of slaves has decreased. The number of slaves imported is outweighed by the number of domestic slaves who die per annum.

Consequently, Ulyssians have relied increasingly on “breeding” slaves and purchasing slaves through slave companies.

Traditionally neutered upon service, the allowance of slaves in the military to procreate has created an emerging class of citizens with greater rights and specialities, if under privileged due to the static class systems.

Siecian Secession

Among the greatest regional conflicts, Sies displays rebellious tendencies every generation or so. These threats, varying from delays of tribute payment to escalated conflict, have placed Sies at odds with Gallanon.

Regions[edit | edit source]

Provinces[edit | edit source]

Ulyssa is divided into five main provinces. Each province's history dates back to the ancient cultures and kingdoms they were originally, though their borders and sizes have changed drastically since then. Despite this, their cultures remain somewhat unique to eachother.

Barantium[edit | edit source]

A plateau settlement along the river Rus in Barantium, Ulyssa.

The breadbasket of the empire, Barantium rests in the Valley between two rivers- the Cerullis and Rus. The lands of Barantium are noticeably poorer compared to the rest of the provinces, consisting of farmers and craftsmen.

Notably, Auros- the continent on which Ulyssa resides- originates from an early name for the Rus. The "Golden Rus", Aur-rus, demonstrated that Barantium has always been the breadbasket of the kingdom. It is even said that the kingdoms of Barantium's ancient history are the oldest civilizations in Aevonhold.

The people of Barantium (Barantines) are simple, often educated exclusively in their trade. Despite a serious countenance and conservatism which unite Ulyssa, they deviate with an adventurous spirit featured exclusively by them. Gambling (cock-fighting, dicing, tavern betting) as well as thrill seeking against natural forces (bull wrangling, bridge jumping) are more common.

Bermandy[edit | edit source]

A hilltop settlement in Bermandy, close to the Elterlein border

Bordering Elterlein, the Berman culture is similar to it in some ways. They are the northernmost province in Ulyssa, and have fairer skin and hair than those more to the south.

Bermans are the most ingenuous of their culture- salvaging ideas and constructing new mechanisms and technologies. Work ethic is meticulous. Much of the military technology used in Ulyssa originate in Bermandy.

While they do not display the same level of arrogance or nationalistic pride as those of Elterlein, they retain a competitive spirit- not only among each other but against other provinces as well. Their workshops, community-supported locations of craft, rival the academies of Gallanon in architecture and engineering.

Sies[edit | edit source]

A scene from a Siecian port in Ulyssa

Sies, the last province to be incorporated under Ulyssian rule, consists of terrain similar to the nation of Peramul with verdant flora. Siecians have been rebellious toward totalitarian and absolute rule under Ulyssa, favoring independence or, acceptably, autonomous rule under the Ulyssan banner. They may use the term "provincials" to describe those within Ulyssa foreign to Sies.

Siecians are highly involved in naval trade and shipbuilding. Siecians claim to be the first to build ships capable of crossing oceans and developing tools to navigate these waters. Many Siecians are more globally aware than their provincial counterparts.

Another view of a Siecian harbor

While the provinces divide their populace into three parts, Siecians stratify their population into 14 strict classes, each with various rules and conditions which bind or permit their activity.

Siecians also value color, being a common motif in many aspects of Siecian culture. Their architecture is vivid with stained clay. Their clothing, while Ulyssian in style, consists of vibrant colors. The festivities, too, feature color as a primary theme.

Taurum[edit | edit source]

A training rally within Taurum's city of Toch

Taurum embodies the Ulyssian spirit wholeheartedly. Priding themselves in martial skill and discipline applies to both military units and civilian life. Fighting is not only an acceptable component of their culture, but encouraged in a diverse number of situations- sparring friends, settling disputes, application of justice.

All Taurum citizens, including women, are expected to train in some sort of armament, and training is rigorously enforced.

Gallanon[edit | edit source]

The hilltop of the Gallonese city of Rhold. There are several government buildings and a pantheon to the Eight.

The heart and founding province of the Ulyssian Empire, Gallanon produces both fantastic orators and military personnel. The province benefits disproportionately from the tribute it receives, allowing a greater number to attend formal education through state-sponsored academies.

Gallonon produces philosophers, chroniclers, and leaders. It is also home to great amounts of non-magical research into fields such as alchemy, medicine, architecture, and mathematics.

Military[edit | edit source]

The Ulyssian military is world-renowned as the most highly disciplined and well-trained military in Aevonhold. Their military was formed in the Second Era, and hasn't changed much, if at all, since. 

Much of the military's infantry is made up of slaves. These men are slaves' children, taken from birth and raised harshly to be a tool of the empire. They are considered only a fourth of a person, and are treated worse than the animals the military uses, though any could buy freedom and full citizenship at any time. However, only a very, very small few choose to do so. Most consider themselves mere tools, and undeserving of freedom. Those who do buy freedom typically die soon after, finding themselves at the end of a Ulyssian blade.

Officers and special units are made up by full Ulyssian citizens. Those looking to serve the military must undergo extensive training. Recruits are only accepted from young ages, between thirteen and eighteen. It is believed that younger recruits are easier to train, and the older one gets, the harder it will be to break them down to make flawless soldiers.

The Venator[edit | edit source]

A group of ruthless, brutal mage hunters, the Venator are feared and respected throughout Ulyssa. They are known for their employment of underhanded and brutal methods, such as throwing suspected mages into water to test for magic. They use special stones, mined in Ulyssa, that can detect the Arcane, as well as other quasi-Arcane substances. It's highly controversial whether or not these things count as magic, though the Venator continue to use them. Most know, when the Venator are involved, sticking your nose in could make you disappear.

History[edit | edit source]

Before the formation of Ulyssa, the land upon which Ulyssa claims now used to consist of hundreds of self-proclaimed nations without unity. They now exist under one banner, which belongs to Ulyssa. Common themes in Ulyssian history include the cycle between regional autonomy and totalitarian reactions, tumultuous political upheavals, and regression as Ulyssa loses influence and territory since the beginning of the third era, the Era of Promise as established by Alenthyl.

- Foundation of Ulyssa, 2E 1

Several city-states are conquered by Ulyss Vincerus of Rhold, marking the beginning of the Ulyssian empire. Emperor Ulyss Vincerus establishes the Second Era - Era of Dominion. The time from Ulyssa's founding to the end of the Vincerus line was known as the Saeculo Aureo, under which Ulyssa experienced heavy territorial expansion and enlightened rule.

- End of the Vincerus Line, 2E 341

The Vincerus line ends with the life of Darminus Vincerus due to a tragedy attributed to the Arcane. What follows is a decade of turmoil and short-lived military successions of power as personal armies clash and mobs of citizens, some of whom would establish the Venator, persecute mages relentlessly.

- Formation of the Venator, 2E 349

One Praetor during the social upheaval, Lanaeus Messienus, utilizes the persecution of the Arcane by better organizing the mobs into a nationalistic entity known as the Venator. Within two years, this organization's energies are redirected to his opponents, and he eventually achieves some semblance of order over Ulyssa.

- Founding of the Tyberian Line, 2E 1048

- Shift of the Capital to Perusius, 2E 1061

Due to a sense of religious pride, the Tyberian line of emperors under Balatro Tyberian shifted the capital of Ulyssa from the sprawling Rhold to what was then an unnamed religious enclave. The city was named Perusius.

- Mur Conspiracy, 2E 1339

One military general, Quintus Paulomon, overthrows then-Emperor Martialus Tiberian with popular support of the people for the emperor and his wife's supposed connection to Mur. Reports from that year cite widespread famine due to terrible weather conditions. It is rumored that over the course of ten decades his wife consorted with a witch to attract more than 1000 servants and lowborn citizens to the palace before slaughtering them. All of those responsible in the plot were burned, and another round of political instability followed as coup usurped coup and Praetors competed for power.

- Return of the Capital to Rhold, 2E 1357

Power was restored to Ulyssa when Barantine Praetor Cato Aurelianus claimed the throne and conceded to his rivals by broadening the power of the position of Praetor. His claim was also supported by his distant Vincerus bloodline and the return of the capital to Rhold.

- First Border War, 2E 1801 - 1830

The great Empire of Ulyssa notices the growing Elten Empire and attacks, attempting to conquer them. For thirty years the war rages, but eventually Ulyssa's conquest is repelled. The First Border War ends with Elterlein losing much of its territory. Raiding parties from both sides would be frequent until the Second Border War. Slowly, over time, much of the lost territory is regained.

- Peak of Ulyssa's Territory, 2E 2304

Ulyssa reaches the peak of its expansion after its conquest of the provinces- now claimed by contemporary Peramul- and encroachments into the Iksung nation.

- Second Border War, 3E 450 - 510

Growing fed up with Ulyssa's small border attacks, the Empire declares war. The Second Border War begins. After sixty years of fighting, both forces pull back. No clear victor emerged.

- Secession from Ulyssa, 3E 456

Two provinces of Ulyssa- Peramul and Yucerta- take advantage of the Second Border War and use this to secede from the empire of Ulyssa. The Imperial forces are too spread thin to have a war on two fronts, and the two nations manage to leave peacefully.

- Battle of the Roses, 3E 1031

For hundreds of years, tensions between Peramul and Ulyssa have been high. Ulyssians wanted Peramul re-added to the Empire, while Peratecas sent raiding parties to attack Ulyssian villages and stake claim on valuable resources. As tensions continued to rise, Ulyssian soldiers began sending slavers through Perateca villages to capture and enslave their citizens. Finally, tensions reached a breaking point. Ulyssa sent a large division of soldiers to begin capturing and reclaiming Perateca land for the Empire. Perateca soldiers were sent in return and repelled the soldiers in a bloody battle. The Perateca believe that, because of the blood spilled, roses began to grow in the battlefield. Thus, the name of the battle. Ulyssa, realizing it could not reclaim the land, finally ended the attacks. Tensions remained high, but no more armed conflicts took place.

- Third Border War, 3E 1144 - 1180

The Ulyssian Empire, losing territory quickly to the Empire of Nobugo, decides to attempt to attack Elterlein. The Third Border War lasts for thirty-six years. It is the biggest defeat in Ulyssian history, with their borders being pushed back drastically.

Quirks[edit | edit source]

Overview[edit | edit source]

Ulyssians vary based on the province in which they were raised, but several commonalities underlie their culture. They have a strong martial culture, encouraging lawfulness and discipline among its citizens. They are known for their conservatism and a stubborn refusal to change their ways.

The conservatism extends to a lack of ingenuity: Ulyssa is widely known, historically, for incorporating the technologies and personalities and adapting them into a Ulyssian context.

Appearance[edit | edit source]

Appearances within the Ulyssian empire vary between the provinces. In the south, looks favor darker skin tones and hair colors, though the northern provinces have much lighter skin tones. Throughout the whole empire, however, people keep the same physical structure - being broad-shouldered and tall. Eye colors remain consistent, as well, favoring shades of brown and blue.

Naming Conventions[edit | edit source]

Typically, the names of males end in -us, -o, or -ar, while the names of females end in -a. Typically, the names of women are derived from the names of males. For examples, Augustus and Tiberius are male names. Accordingly, Augusta and Tiberia would be female names.

There are a few variations according to region. Names of Gallanon tend to be longer, while those of Barantium find shorter names more fashionable and practical. Those of Taurum tend to feature harsher syllables, while those of Sies tend to be softer on the tongue. That aside, there are also distinctions in spelling. The phonetic 'ai' sound in air and fair is replaced by 'ae'. Avairius, for instance, would be spelled Avaerius. In Bermandy, anything which makes the long a (ā) sound is spelled with 'ei.' Aelius, for instance, would be spelled Eilius in Bermandy.

While naming conventions differ by region, a Ulyssian has three names over their lifetime. The first name is not given until eight days after the child's birth. This "personal" name is the most likely to be used in more informal settings or day-to-day talk. The second name is the name of the family or line.

The third name is bestowed upon marriage. This third name, known as a cognomen, has a variety of purposes than vary between region and class. Among prestigious families, the third name distinguishes a family branch, while among other families it could symbolize the town from which one was born or a noteworthy accomplishment. Traditionally, the third name is given at age 24.

Use the following resource as a guide for Ulyssian name schemes: [1]

Practices[edit | edit source]

Clothing[edit | edit source]

A wealthy Ulyssian woman

Ulyssian clothing is generally indicative of social status, with the common folk of the land such as farmers and low class folk wearing dark, rough leathers and other easily attained articles of clothing. The higher class would wear white cloth or finely spun tunics.

Members of government or soldiers would generally wear a toga embroidered with different colored stripes indicating political position or status within the army or guard force. Sandals and rough leather boots are commonplace within Ulyssian work and play.

Food[edit | edit source]

There are three meals, as is typical in most settings. The first occurs in the morning, the second in the afternoon, and the third at dusk. The second meal tends to be the largest in Ulyssa.

Couches and a low rectangular table comprise the typical home dining setting in Ulyssa. Spread upon the couches, guests would eat lying down on the couch, if space permitted it, or sit or partially recline on the couches. Standing was also viable if it meant others could eat lying down, but it is customary that no guest have to stand. The couches may be on at most three sides of the table as one side of the table is reserved for whomever lays out the meals to the table and cleans when the meal is done.

The scene above displays a midday dining session among the wealthy of Ulyssa, possibly orators or higher class merchants of Gallanon or Sies. Slaves perform and refill plates and wine glasses for the hosts and guests who eat.

Food is typically eaten with the hands. Any meals which require cutting are served bite-sizes. One of the few exceptions are soups and, in the upper echelons of society, flavored ice and puddings. Due to the oil or general messiness which may get on the hands, a small bread loaf or roll is served with each plate. The bread may be used to collect whatever it leftover on the plates and to wipe away any oils on the hands, after which the bread is eaten.

The particulars of diet are based on level in society and the region in which one eats. Bread and olives were a staple of the Ulyssian diet, particularly in lower classes. All levels ate a healthy mix of fruits, nuts, and vegetables, but those of higher classes more commonly found meat and seafood on their tables. The wealthy would often have slaves serve them scrumptious and well-decorated meals, providing more plates as the meal continues.

Regional variations would make certain meals more scarce or common. Gallanon sees many food imports, and thus has the healthiest range of foods. While Barantium enjoys an overabundance of fruits, vegetables, and meats- even at the poorest levels- it lacks seafood. Taurum shares a similar diet to Barantium, but fruit is uncommon. Sies commonly enjoys seafood and fruits, but less commonly enjoys a robust variety of meats from livestock and vegetables. The region with the least variety of food would be Bermandy, whose northernmost location among the mountains makes both imports and agriculture a difficulty. Nonetheless, they enjoy bread and vegetables commonly, and the milk of goats supports their diet.

Wines and similar drinks are the only alcohols found in Ulyssa. They are always watered down before they are served. Honey if often used to sweeten them, if the person or family can afford it.

Marriage[edit | edit source]

Marriage within Ulyssa is more akin to a arranged contract than a romantic affair. Families would meet to discuss arrangements which could enhance a family's wealth, class, or prestige. The parents are prudent in selecting the perfect match.

On the wedding day, the bride wears a white woven tunic belted with an elaborate "Knot of Vermida.” The bride, further, would have carefully arranged hair. The bride's family would escort her to the home of the groom and his family. The ceremony is held in the groom's home or nearby, and together the families would walk there.

The ceremony includes vows related to the Precepts. The families would exchange gifts and the bride's family would formally offer the dowry. Upon acceptance of the vows and gifts, the couple kiss to seal the marriage.

Polygamy is common among the wealthy. While same-sex relationships are taboo in marriage, pursuing extramarital affairs with courtesans, regardless of sex, are considered part of a healthy sexual appetite.

Marriage of close relatives, while practiced in the early stages of the empire, are no longer common. Marrying into the same line affords no prestige to the family, and these sentiments made the practice taboo. For this reason, marriage between two individuals of the same sex is also taboo.

Divorce is an easy matter. It requires only the declaration of divorce by the husband and the return of the dowry to the wife and her family. Consequently, divorce is common in Ulyssa, especially among the upper classes. Those who are wealthy may commonly marry two or three times in their lifetime.

Slavery[edit | edit source]

A man auctions captured men and women of many different nationalities as slaves. Many appear to be of the Western Kingdoms and would sell for more.

Slavery forms a vital component of Ulyssa's military and labor force. Ulyssa captures most of its slaves through warfare and conquest. For instance, conquered regions brought into Ulyssa would have a tenth of its population inspected and brought into slavery. Prisoners of war, too, are forced into slavery if ransom demands do not exceed their estimated worth.

However, Ulyssa increasingly relies on slave trading companies for its influx of slaves in recent times, stemming from its failed conquests and increasing need for slave labor. Many of these slaves pass first through the province of Sies, where they are auctioned on the docks or transported to the other provinces.

Ulyssa does not permit the sale of Ulyssian slaves within its boundaries, but slaves from all other lands may be auctioned in the provinces. Ulyssa does allow indentured servitude. Indentured servitude is often used as a means of avoiding mandatory conscription and paying debts. Many poorer families will even sell their children into servitude in order to support the rest of the family.

Slaves are "trained"- if not already trained by slaving companies- into submission, an emotionally and mentally destructive process. They are given a new identity in the Ulyssian tongue which is often pejorative and forget their old identities. While most training is done in Taurum and Gallanon under the boot of the Emperor's men, private companies or the slave owners themselves may take up the task.

Slaves obtained from conquered regions often labor for the government or government officials in construction or mining- whatever is necessary to fuel further conquest. Prisoners of war automatically become slaves, forming fodder and entertainment- all of this depends on the perspective- in the Stadiums as they fight exotic or legendary creatures.

Slaves from the lands west of Auros- Alenthyl, Granthel, Volvar, Deurlyth- are highly prized. They are kept by the upper classes as courtesans, attendants, tutors. Slaves from these lands are a rarity and a show of wealth, and these slaves are often pampered.

Folklore[edit | edit source]

Death[edit | edit source]

A large cenotath located in Taurum which dates to the second era's conquests under Ulyss

Ulyssian tradition requires bodies to be interred quickly. No more than two suns may set before the interment of the body.

Traditionally, the remains of the deceased were interred in a sarcophagus. The poorest would be of cobblestone, while more ornate sarcophagi may be of granite or metals. The sarcophagi would then be placed above ground and sealed. They may stand on their own, stand in stacks with supporting and aesthetic structures, or be further interred in a mausoleum, if wealthy.

The practice has become dated. Due to the lack of space, many bodies are now burned. The ashes and bones are stored in urns, which are also placed above ground. Those whose bodies cannot be found or identified are given cenotaphs- nameless tombs. These monuments are common on battlegrounds, and cenotaphs are always tall and detailed.

A small token or symbol of worship is interred with the deceased. The symbol should be tied to the primary god the deceased would worship. It is meant for the the god's protection over the deceased as they journey across the river and into the afterlife.

Regardless of the means of internment, a libation is poured onto whatever holds the remains. The libation is symbolic of the river on which all deceased spirits travel as they head to the afterlife. The libation is usually water, but some choose to pour alcohols such as wine. The pouring of the liquid is meant to signal the beginning of the journey of the deceased and formally concludes the period of mourning.

Lastly, an animal sacrifice is sacrificed for a feast to celebrate the memory of the deceased.

Magic[edit | edit source]

Ulyssians view magic as an agent of chaos. Historically, magical phenomena have been harbingers of tragedies, and numerous figures of betrayal in history are connected to the Arcane. Consequently, Ulyssians harbor a strong fear of the Arcane and distrust magic. Many are hostile toward magic.

A group of specially trained hunters named the Venators persecute those who practice or wield magic.

Art[edit | edit source]

Visual Art[edit | edit source]

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Ulyssian architecture, as true with all aspects of Ulyssa, varies in style by region. However, there are some common motifs as a whole. Domes, arches, spiral stairs, columns, and mosaics are common features of public buildings and sites of worship. Often, too, are quartz and marble common elements in these public buildings. Geometry plays a major role in the construction and orientation of building elements.

Siecian architecture often incorporates a wide variety of colors into its buildings. While public buildings or richer villas may afford dyed clay or brick, those of more modest means may fly simple linens or banners. They may incorporate stucco and have roofs of varying colors.

Gallonese public buildings and wealthy homes are constructed to be grandiose, incorporating domes frequently. There is a common theme of open-air structures- atriums and balconies included, if affordable. Most in the cities of Gallanon, however, live in more compact spaces with few windows where a first floor may be a shop or public area and the top floor a living space.

Wealthy homes of Barantium emulate the Gallonese style, but common homes feature the regional styles of thatched or wooden beam roofs. There is greater emphasis on incorporating flora, such as vines and flowers, into indoor gardens and even the home's facade. Some wealthier homes even implement vegetated roofs.

Bermandy, a province which produces many architects, manages to produce stunning architecture despite its tributes to Gallanon. Many of the features seen in Gallanon's public buildings and wealthy manors- domes, arches, columns- can be seen at the more common level even in Bermandy's more common collective housing or guilds. Bermandy has access to a plethora of stones with which to construct their homes, if not the finer granite and marble exported to Gallanon and other nations. Due to the cold climate, Berman architecture lacks many open areas (in contrast to Gallanon) such as atriums. They have, however, developed more innovative ways to circulate heat throughout their homes.

Taurum itself rarely emphasizes architecture, at least for personal or family homes and buildings. Many live in camps of pitched tents or other mobile structures, and any permanent homes are minimalist in appearance and interior. Often, its styles are plain and practical- only the grand coliseums impress in their size and detail.

Dance[edit | edit source]

Dance is an integral part society, ingrained in both religion, festivity, and even the military. Two schools of dance- Augurine and Phressa- constitute the main dances of Ulyssa and form a contrasting dualism

Augrine is a formal and structured dance. It is slow and personal. Efralin favors this style of dance, and the style is favored in Gallanon and Bermandy.

Two slaves perform for wealthy Barantine women. One (far left) performs on a percussion instrument, typical in Phressa dance, while the other (center) dances to the music.

Phressa is much more frenetic and lively. Its main themes are spontaneous passion and desire. The motions involve twists, spins, sweeps of the arms- fast and flexible movements. The dance itself is impromptu, and the music- often a flute or other percussion instrument- governs the flow of the dance. In a group performance depends on how close everyone can dance while continuing the movements. For those who favor the Augrine dances, Phressa dances are uncontrolled and orgasmic to the eye. Often, accessories like long, thin strips of silk or hoops will accompany the dance. Raemani favors this style of dance, and the style is favored in Sies and Barantium.

Korbellum can be described as a "dance of war." The dance is much like a fight written in poetry, in which the combatants fight and dodge each others blows in deft and intricate motions. Often, its combatants are armed, sometimes armored and shielded. If not armed with a sword or a polearm, then Korbellum occurs unarmed. Korbellum is most common in the military, and the memorization and performance of multiple Korbellum dances is often a rite of passage or initiation in the militaries of Sies and Taurum.

Satriet was a dance often used to comedic effect with its exaggerated movements. Often, it mimes certain actions.